Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout

Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout Presentation: Regardless of the advancement of oil and gas industry innovation, Wellbore precariousness stays one of non gainful time that cost industry billions consistently. wellbore flimsiness has been one of the well arranging stage and been concentrated broadly (Bradley,1979; Bell, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003; Gentzis et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009; Ding, 2011). Penetrating through a development prompted pressure changing a round the borehole because of rock expulsion. In this examination, mud weight pressure is the controllable boundary during the boring. The mud weight pressure impacts can cause two disappointment instruments which are shear disappointment (breakout) and elastic disappointment (cracking), these issues consider as the principle wellbore disappointment. Borehole breakout happens when the mud weight is lower than anticipated. in other word, the breakout disappointment happens when the pressure forced by penetrating mud lower than compressive quality. Then again, higher mud weig ht can prompt elastic disappointment due to attack of mud into the development. The results behind these issues are stuck funnel, reaming activity, lost course, and derailing. To dispense with these issues numerous boundaries ought to be viewed as such us rock quality, pore pressure, in-situ stress, and stress direction. Besides, breakout and cracking can be lessening or wipe out by picking the reasonable mud weight for penetrating. By utilizing a constitutive model to anticipate the worries around the wellbore associated with a disappointment standards, Strength of store rocks can be determined. Henceforth, determination of the appropriate disappointment models will consider as the principle part of wellbore soundness examination. Borehole breakout is a broadening and stretching of wellbore a specific way and it considers as the significant pointers to foresee the direction of min. flat pressure. This amplification can be anticipated by utilizing 4-6 arm caliper instrument, Optical imaging log, resistive picture log, and acoustic picture log (Jaeger et al.,2009; Bell and Gough, 1979; Zoback et al.,1985).ã‚â Figure (1) shows wellbore extension design through 4 arm caliper. The 4 arms caliper has 4 cushions in two calipers (cushion 1 and 3) speak to Caliper 1 (C1) and (cushion 2 and 4) speak to caliper 2 (C2). The measurement of the opening can be distinguished from those two calipers. Fig 1a speaks to an in-check opening reason C1 and C2 have same perusing of bit size. Conversely 1C shows an extreme waste of time in opening size and caliper perusing show this development. Remain on well logs information and exact conditions, the stone quality and mechanical properties can be acquired (Rahimi, 2014). (Westergarrd. 1940) in-situ stress can be gotten by versatile trademark conditions. Likewise, from elastoplastic trademark condition in-situ pressure can be determined (chang et al., 2006). Also , (LOT) and smaller than usual frac. test can assist us with determining in-situ focuses on (Bardley 1979b). Numerous models have been worked to decide the incited worry in a roundabout well and anticipate the reasonable mud pressure by utilizing Failure rules. In this investigation, three disappointment models have been utilized to foresee the best possible mud weight in the Nahr Umr arrangement in southern Iraq. The three disappointment models are Mohr-coulomb, Mogi-coulomb, and changed replenish. Fig (1) Caliper log reactions due to wellbore expansion (Tingay ) Geographical properties of the field and the objective supply. The H oil recorded is a land-based field situated in southeastern Iraq between the city of Basra and the Kuwait fringe (Figure 2). The field is an anticline that runs generally north-west to south-southeast around 60 km long and 10-15 km wide. The anticline of H field has four vaults separated by saddles, from the northwest to southeast these are: Al-Hamar Shuaiba Rafidyah Safwan Fig (3) The four arches in H documented The found stores are contained in five supplies: Mishrif, Nahr Umr, Zubair third Pay, Zubair fourth Pay and Yamama. (Figure 3) speaks to well stratigraphic. Nahr Umr Formation is an intriguing potential water source zone because of the plenitude of log information through the unit, water saltiness that is perfect with the Mishrif and Zubair Formation waters, and the revealed degree and quality of the spring. It is made principally out of Sandstone interbedded with dashes of (Shale, Siltstone Limestone). Normal thickness of Nahr Umr development is +/ - 260 m and the porosity surpass 25% with a normal of 20% porousness ranges from 1000 md to 9000 md. Relies upon data from in excess of fifteen wells, shear disappointment has been seen in Nahr Umr development extraordinarily at the shale layers. This breakout has been appeared on shale shaker and by caliper log. Fig (4) stratigraphic of H field

Theories of Teaching &Learning Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: You are to Produce a Persuasive Essay accordingly the accompanying proclamation: 'Successful educators need a scope of systems to guarantee that understudies learn.' Answer: Presentation Instructors are the best people who can assume the liability to manufacture a brilliant society. The understudies are the mainstays of the general public who have the capacity to hold the duties so as to take the general public to another degree of accomplishment. It requires ideal qualification of the instructors so as to make the understudies qualified for the general public. The ethics of life, instruction, training about morals, culture and so on is primarily given by the instructors. The understudies come to think pretty much all the strategies of the general public, the way of life of the nation and numerous things. The exercises about these angles are for the most part gained from the information on the educators. It very well may be said that the qualification of the educators must meet all the necessary models and the legislature of the nation must give the best possible framework to the instructors with the goal that the educators must get the correct stage to give the trai ning. An ideal educator can assume the job of pioneers in the field of training. They can persuade the understudies by setting ideal model in the field of learning. Teaching method and study hall practice The science and the specialty of training can be named as the teaching method (Pistolesi, 2001). This can be considered as the instructional hypothesis. The job of a teacher for this situation is vital. They are the person who can build up the calculated information and can deal with the substance of learning exercises in instructive settings. Instructional method is characterized the same number of various sorts of a few educating methodology. It tends to be said that a wide scope of encouraging procedures can be expounded by this technique and it very well may be depicted thusly that instructional method has the meaning of the center educating forms. The instructors become qualified to educate superbly and the understudies become devoted to get familiar with all the instructed exercises. There are a lot all the more instructing forms that is secured by instructional method. Those procedures are, disclosure learning, free investigation, separation learning and hands on learning (Wat kins, 2010). Homeroom rehearses are the best choices so as to build the information on the understudies. It can expound along these lines that the homerooms are the best spot where numerous understudies come and the training procedure goes before everybody. This is powerful as far as educating process. Everything occurs before everybody where a specific understudy gets the chance to gain from the slip-ups of the others. Then again a portion of the understudies get the inspiration from the presentation of different understudies too. The educators think that its simple and utilize the circumstance flawlessly so as to make the showing procedure progressively successful in the study halls. The educators get different sorts of understudies where they can circulate the information and insight in a nonpartisan manner (Wynne, 2010). There are a few study hall rehearses that can be portrayed in the kindness of the understudies. The practices are as per the following, Instructors and the students must get into every others lives and the practices and perspectives of the understudy must be adapted appropriately so as to propel the standards and desires for living. The shared regard and normal graciousness are kept up by the instructors and the students by tending to each other by name (Wieliczkiewicz, 2014). The instructors or the educators are instructed at first and subsequent to getting appropriate training they disseminate the information among the understudies. The learning encounters must be connected with this present reality and the procedures must persuade the degree to be associated with the lives of the understudy. The learning procedures can be named as compelling in the event that they are connected with the feelings and truth of the understudies. The educators consistently prescribe the understudies to focus on the basic reasoning strategies. A thought can be created or relational aptitudes can be created if the basic reasoning is instructed appropriately (Caroselli, 2003). Study halls are the best places where nature of training is non-undermining. The understudies and the instructors are consistently prepared to take any sort of dangers in the field of learning. The study halls give that sort of condition where the mix-ups are accepted as open doors and both the student and the instructor think about the missteps as future chances (Ahmad Usmani, Umar Usmani, 2014). It implies they gain from their mix-ups and attempt to maintain a strategic distance from them later on. The memory work, composing aptitudes, perusing abilities are drilled every day that help the understudies to enhance their relational abilities. These additionally help the understudies to assemble a strong character. The correspondence ability and the way toward inspiring others are likewise gained from the study hall rehearses. The linguistic blunder is diminished and the jargon is enhanced by appropriate showing forms in the homerooms. It tends to be explained along these lines that the adequacy of the instructors and the catching intensity of the understudies can make the entire procedure of learning powerful for the students just as for the teachers. The trained, positive and caring condition of the study halls impacts the instructors and the understudies. This kind of condition is successful from the authoritative perspective. The educators and the understudies get the best possible enthusiasm to proceed with the procedure with incredible viability. Crafted by the students are portrayed in a specific structure. Positive and opportune input is given to the understudies in a traditional oral or composed editorial. It enables the understudies in the best way and they to get legitimate reaction against their questions. The talking intensity of the understudies increments. The understudies become acquainted with about the correct relational abilities and they find out about word recognizable proof (Salmon, Young, 2011). Study hall instructing procedure can assist a student with learning about their own obligations and the conduct of the understudy will likewise get improved by appropriate training. The educator must take all the obligations so as to build up the attributes of the understudies. The every day execution of the understudies is additionally expanded by the exhibitions of the homeroom educators. It implies an educator in the study hall can be compelling so as to improve the day by day life of the understudies (Small, Vorgan, 2011). The most significant truth of study hall process is that each student experience accomplishment in the learning field. It is clear the educator is the fundamental individual behind this. They look at the functions and exercises of the understudies with the past experience of the educators. The instructors don't analyze the presentation of the understudies. It causes the understudies to gain from the past missteps and they become mindful of the circumstance where they committed errors last time. The instructors encourage the students on their feet and it causes them to make their very own consistent picture characters. The understudies expect that their pioneers are standing tall in any sort of troublesome circumstance. The increase inspiration from it and they make themselves qualified for any sort of circumstance (Supplemental Material for Motivation Sharpens Exogenous Spatial Attention, 2014). The relational correspondence aptitude is likewise improved through these classes. It tends to be said that the underlying phase of learning itself require ideal correspondence so as to cause the understudies to comprehend about the educating procedure. Toward the finish of everything the instructors and the students are such a great amount of associated with one another that they praise every others achievement. On the off chance that the understudies get great outcomes, at that point they get appropriate positive criticism from the instructors and the other way around. Impression of individual advantages It is my own experience where I can solidly say that the adequacy of the instructors and vital choices of them can assist an understudy with developing him/herself. A compelling educator is consistently useful for the understudies. Clearly the IQ of the understudy is consistently essential in the training field. I have developed with the assistance of a few educators in my secondary school and college. They have held my turn in numerous troublesome circumstances and helped me out to turn into an effective man in present days. It very well may be said that the educators and the students must have a base correspondence among them so as to be compelling in the learning field. My perspective says that the understudies must clarify everything before the instructors. All the questions and the inquiries must be clarified to the educators so as to pick up the best criticism from them. I think the learning procedure turns out to be progressively successful with the viability of the educators and the understudies. Legitimate correspondence among them can set the earth of the study hall superbly for them (ALKIN-?AH?N, 2015). I have been profited in each potential manners in the field of learning by the instructors along these lines I figure appropriate students and teachers can make the learning procedure successful. Impact of youngster advancement on learning The impact of youngster advancement on learning can be examined through different phases of conversations (Browne, Cantelo, 2017). The stages are as per the following, Which means of learning The significance of learning can really be depicted relying upon the adjustments in the conduct of the people. It very well may be said that appropriate learning can impact a specific understudy in the best of ways and can support him/her to build up the character in the best of ways. Another way portraying learning should be possible by various societies of the people. The job of transmitting the information starting with one then onto the next should be possible adequately by sharing language, convictions and customs (Hiraiwa, Bodomo, 2008). Learning through results Kid advancement requires various results and this makes the learning procedure progressively appealing. Various types of occasions, learning forms and a lot more can make the learning procedure more powerful than some other. It very well may be said th

How Can I Stop OCD Thoughts

How Can I Stop OCD Thoughts OCD Living With OCD Print How Can I Stop OCD Thoughts? Why Suppressing Your Obsessive Thoughts Actually Makes Them Worse By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 17, 2018 Peter Dazeley / Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions Many people with  obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD)  ask, How can I stop having  OCD thoughts? It is important to remember that up to 90% of people have strange, bizarre and even disturbing thoughts on a daily basis. If bizarre or disturbing thoughts are actually normal, what matters is not whether we have them, but how we react to them.   Why People With OCD Thoughts Find Them Overwhelming Through a process called thought-action fusion, some people with OCD often believe that simply thinking about something disturbing, such as molesting a neighbor or killing a spouse, is morally equivalent to carrying out such an act. In another example, someone with thought-action fusion might believe that by just thinking about a car crash or contracting a serious disease it makes these events more likely. Some OCD sufferers may feel that such thoughts are dangerous and want to monitor them closely, just as you might monitor a suspicious car driving around your neighborhood. Once youve labeled some of your thoughts as dangerous, you may try to push away or suppress them, but research shows that this cycle of monitoring and thought suppression can actually lead to the development of obsessive thoughts. Even if you dont have to deal with thought-action fusion, if you have OCD, you likely have to deal with obsessive thoughts on a daily basis. It can become so overwhelming that you would give anything to stop the thoughts that are invading your brain and making your life so difficult. Dont Try to Stop OCD Thoughts Although it is easier to say than to believe, try to remember that thoughts are just strings of words that pop into your mind and are not inherently dangerous. You are not obliged to take them seriously just because your brain generated them. Moreover, they do not necessarily say anything about you, your values or your morals. In fact, OCD thoughts very often reflect the very things that the person having the thoughts finds the most offensive.?? As hard as it may be, dont try to push your thoughts away because that actually makes them come back even more and may even cause you to obsess over them. Try to just let the thoughts occur and not get upset about them or try to shove them out of your mind. Acknowledge that your thoughts are real, but dont analyze them or question them too much.     Take It Easy on Yourself Try not to beat yourself up, particularly if your thoughts make you feel guilty or fearful. We have very little control over the things that pop into our minds unbidden, so give yourself a break. Recognize the thought or feeling, but dont let it set you back in your treatment or your day. Crazy or upsetting thoughts come and go for everyone, even people without OCD, like ripples on a pond. Get Help for OCD Thoughts If You Need It If your OCD thoughts are too many or too stressful, be sure to talk to your doctor or a mental health professional about treatment. Get Treatmeant With the Best Online Therapy Programs Many patients report that mindfulness techniques can be helpful in gaining a more objective picture around ones thoughts. Of course, treatment with medication and psychotherapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or exposure and response prevention therapy  (ERP) can also help.

Parallels of Imperialism and Opression in Avatar Essay

Native American Literature Film Parallels of Imperialism and Opression in Avatar Set on the planet Pandora, Avatar is a science-fiction story of a money-hungry corporation’s attempt to conquer and excavate the land of humanoids known as Na’Vi. Jake Sully is a paraplegic, who is sent to space to complete his deceased brother’s mission because they share the same genome, which is necessary to navigate the expensive avatar that had already been cloned. We learn that the avatar is basically a mind-transporter used to be a part of and learn about the Na’Vi community. During his first expedition in the land of the Na’Vi, Jake gets lost and encounters one of the main female members of the tribe who ends up taking him under her wing and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The evil powers want the aborigines off of the territory because there is a very valuable mineral in the ground. They dont mind killing them off for achieving the goal,† a narrative statement from Avatar. The statements made were evidently anti-war, som e viewers even went as far to say that the film and its director, James Cameron, were anti-American. The additional expressions of American policy on terrorism and neglect of veterans contributed to the anti-American assertions. The Colonel of the space troops exclaims that they â€Å"will fight terror with terror,† paraphrasing an infamous Bush quote he said regarding Pakistan during a press conference in 2007. The film also touches on the topic veteran benefits in its fifth narrative line, â€Å"A VA check and 12 bucks won’t get you a cup of coffee - not on vet benefits, not in this economy.† The film also disparages corporate greed in more moments than one. One moment this is evident is when Parker Selfridge, the passive-aggressive head administrator of the Resources Development Administration expresses his frustration and disregard towards the indigenous peoples saying, â€Å"the damn village happens to be sitting on top of the richest unobtanium deposit within 200 klicks in any direction. I mean, look at all that cheddar!† Subsequently, the castigations against oppression of the indigenous and destruction of ecosystems for minerals

Osmolarity and Osmolality in Chemistry

Osmolarity and osmolality are units of solute concentration that are often used in reference to biochemistry and body fluids. While any polar solvent could be used, these units are used almost exclusively for aqueous (water) solutions. Learn what osmolarity and osmolality are and how to express them. Osmoles Both osmolarity and osmolality are defined in terms of osmoles. An osmole is a unit of measurement that describes the number of moles of a compound that contribute to the osmotic pressure of a chemical solution. The osmole is related to osmosis and is used in reference to a solution where osmotic pressure is important, such as blood and urine. Osmolarity Osmolarity is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter (L) of a solution. It is expressed in terms of osmol/L or Osm/L. Osmolarity depends on the number of particles in a chemical solution, but not on the identity of those molecules or ions. Sample Osmolarity Calculations A 1 mol/L NaCl solution has an osmolarity of 2 osmol/L. A mole of NaCl dissociates fully in water to yield  two moles  of particles: Na  ions and Cl-  ions. Each mole of NaCl becomes two osmoles in solution. A 1 M solution of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, dissociates into 2 sodium ions and 1 sulfate anion, so each mole of sodium sulfate becomes 3 osmoles in solution (3 Osm). To find the osmolarity of a 0.3% NaCl solution, you first calculate the molarity of the salt solution and then convert the molarity to osmolarity. Convert percent to molarity:0.03 % 3 grams / 100 ml 3 grams / 0.1 L 30 g/Lmolarity NaCl moles / liter (30 g/L) x (1 mol / molecular weight of NaCl) Look up the atomic weights of Na and Cl on the periodic table and add the together to get the molecular weight. Na is 22.99 g and Cl is 35.45 g, so the molecular weight of NaCl is 22.99 35.45, which is 58.44 grams per mole. Plugging this in: molarity of the 3% salt solution (30 g/L) / (58.44 g/mol)molarity 0.51 M You know there are 2 osmoles of NaCl per mole, so: osmolarity of 3% NaCl molarity x 2osmolarity 0.51 x 2osmolarity 1.03 Osm Osmolality Osmolality is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It is expressed in terms of osmol/kg or Osm/kg. When the solvent is water, osmolarity and osmolality may be nearly the same under ordinary conditions, since the approximate density of water is 1 g/ml or 1 kg/L. The value changes as the temperature changes (e.g., the density of water at 100 C is 0.9974 kg/L). When to Use Osmolarity vs Osmolality Osmolality is convenient to use because the amount of solvent remains constant, regardless of changes in temperature and pressure. While osmolarity is easy to calculate, its less difficult to determine because the volume of a solution changes according to temperature and pressure. Osmolarity is most commonly used when all measurements are made at a constant temperature and pressure. Note a 1 molar (M) solution will usually have a higher concentration of solute than a 1 molal solution because solute accounts for some of the space in the solution volume.

Heights of Oppression Free Essays

string(145) " theme with the issues in the 21st century, I referenced the reviews and my own findings to scholarly articles that touch on the present issues\." The hands maid tale is skillfully woven book that touches on plenty of issues. Though the book was written 1985, it has received present time praises that have increased its sales over the past few years. Serializing of the book on film also drew critics to it as it raised many touching issues; love, politics, religion, gender, language and sex among many other many other contemporary issues that still spark debates in the 21st century. We will write a custom essay sample on Heights of Oppression or any similar topic only for you Order Now We must acknowledge that the writer employed interesting writing styles to clearly depict the themes she wanted so as to achieve the rewards of a timeless masterpiece. Repetition to create emphasis was the main writing device. The recent buyers have had the motivation to acquire and read the book because each of them can at least find a sentimental issue to connect to from the book. My literature review will delve into on one theme from the book that will capture the attention of most of the readers because the society at large is by all means connected to it.I chose the theme of oppression because there a many people that will connect to this due to its diversity. In this theme are many other sub themes that can be expounded on; social oppression, religious oppression, economic oppression, gender oppression among many other forms. This paper is to make the audience aware of pressing issue and around them and motivate them to act to emancipate themselves. I will gauge the effect of my work according to how I will captivate my audience. The connection that my desired audience will feel towards my review will prove the sweat I put in it to. I will use online reviews to build my case and scholarly articles prove my point. Relevant examples with connection to the issues around us will be elaborated in the discussion part of the research. First I will elaborate and give a general meaning to the theme then state the specific types of oppression I will be touching on depending on how the book has presented it in its characters and stage setting. The scholarly references and online reviews will be stated and I will use my own arguments; that I will mainly draw from my culture to explain how my society perceives the matter and their notions or decisions they have on it. Where possible, I will be stating the origin of the notions and what they eventually lead to; either more oppression or redemption. My introduction will begin with the statement problem as depicted in the book. That will be followed by the research materials and research methods I used to expound on my themes. Finally, I will explain the main reason behind my writing and how it will help the readers connect to the real time issues. When looking for online reviews, ones made by literature professors would be most preferable. When selecting scholarly articles; I will stick to ones that expound to the theme of oppression to prevent myself from derailing the theme or my audience the chance of questioning my relevance. The links between the book, the theme in question, the reviews and scholarly articles capped with my earnest opinion about how the society perceives the matter will define the credibility of my essay. The main objective behind the essay is to show the audience that there exist unseen problems in the society; ones that happen as a norm and that there are solutions to them. This paper really matters to the society as it will give a guide on many other themes in the book and show the way to liberation from their miserable status quos. IntroductionOppression is the central theme in the book as it lays foundation to all other evils in the book. Sexism, gender discrimination, religious oppression and classism all lay allegiance to the theme. The major part of the book is a recollection of events from the protagonist; Offred. She is giving her take to her new audience after she luckily fled the dreaded city of Gilead. The language she uses; gives vivid picture to the grotesque status quo she was in. the authors base of emphasis also stresses on the key theme; oppression. Gilean is an imaginary authoritarian city that came into being when there was a significant drop in fertility scores and with them a drop of birthrates. The ruling class saw it relevant to come up with laws that would class people for the roles they were to do in that jurisdiction. Women were the main prey under the claws; they were to strictly bear children. No education or jobs were given to them as they would pose competition to men and divert them from their main role; reproduction. Margaret’s description to them through the protagonist is; a set of ovaries encompassing a womb. They were barred from talking alcohol, caffeine or nicotine as it would reduce their fertility. The paradox is that it is women other female characters that take pleasure in oppressing other women either to please the regime or themselves. The society has also been oppressed as they have been classified and color coded. Different colors specified roles and authority to be used over the subject.Research methodQualitative literature analysis is the method I have employed in the whole research. The characters in the novel handmaid’s tale are ones that I have used to extrapolate the theme of oppression. The settings in the book and the mood it presents made the book a choice as they all blended significantly to the theme in question. Carefully reading the novel was the first step. I had to be precise so as to note the stylistic devices used and their motive in either backing or refuting of the theme. My understanding of the book was enhanced by specific reviews of it that targeted the theme at hand. In order to relate the theme with the issues in the 21st century, I referenced the reviews and my own findings to scholarly articles that touch on the present issues. You read "Heights of Oppression" in category "Papers" Watching the television series also clarified my view as it clearly depicted the situation as it was during the scripting of the book. The mood, setting and ambience set in the movie were a clear replica of the ones in the book. Apart from focusing on these only, I also touched on the other main theme to gauge if they are the ones that catalyzed the oppression or if oppression was the base that all other evils in the book were built on. That I did so as to cast away the shadow of biasness and portray issues as they were set to be by the author in a bid to convince my audience that the issues in the book were the exact semblance of the issues they faced.ResultsEven from the prologue of the book it was clear that oppression was the wind that sails of the evils in the book rode on. To be precise, it was gender oppression that lay founding to the utopian city and sexism that paved way for the ruling class. My own analysis revealed that oppression was so deep that the individuals and the society saw it as a norm and had no hope or motive to redeem them at all. The analysis put to record that there exist 2 measures of oppressions; systematic oppression and individual oppression. Systematic was one imposed by the regime; the formulated draconian laws and individual oppression was one that the individuals forced themselves to believe that what was being done to them was right and that they better contend with it or risk an immature end. From the commentary and remarks that the series got I noticed oppression was still the center stage in the present societies. In the book we saw the blacks and the Jews being treated differently from the rest of the ruling class; the whites. They even had names tags to refer to them; racial oppression. We see that the laws hugely disfavored them and they were given the crudest of all jobs and invoked the harshest form of punishments; death. Religion was seen as a catalyst to the broadening of them theme and not a savior to the situation; religious oppression. Color coding was done define authority, privileges and roles. Here I saw no form of rebellion to it and a society that was treated quite highly than the other always exploited the ones that were below it. This treatment and exploitation was toned down to individual level and done in the most sleek and dreadful ways; we notice that the characters mused at themselves for stamping their authorities over others. Depending on who was doing the oppression, why it was being done and where it was being done led to diversification and further classification of the evil; dictatorship, racism, sexism and sycophantism. Those were the exact settings that were portrayed in the televised series yet it spurred a lot of critics that it invoked bitter dissent in people. DiscussionIn this part I will be giving my evidence in support in the systematic then individual oppression format backed by speeches of the characters in the book and showing the page numbers. I will further give my own views about the cause and course of the speech and the motive behind it according to the setting and the situation the character was in. I will back my claim with a scholarly article then finalize this chapter with how the issues relate in our present society across the globe. Systematic oppression was prevalent to the book as it the law of gender classification and prescribed women to reproductive roles only. Women were raped and the whole thing enshrined in the law that formed ‘The ceremony’. This is the law that gave rise to handmaids (himberg-2018). Women are given no choice as the ‘Aunts’ force them to commit themselves to the profaning doctrines or choose between that, death and the ‘unwomen’. We see the Offred justifying the act by saying â€Å"..nor does rape cover it; nothing is going o here that I haven’t signed up for† (artwood-94). It is her justification and compliance that depicts individual oppression.The law that handmaids were only bear children with generals was another form of systematic oppression (haghi-2016). Twisted religious definitions also added weight on this saying that their God considered it a sin. The handmaids and ones that impregnated them would face automatic death penalties if found out. In this case we see Ofglen describe Janine’s despondency she thinks its her fault..two in a row for being sinful† (artwood-215). This was after Janine had lost two of her babies. Janine is not happy with the situation but she justifies it. That statement reveals the height of individual oppression and that melted the people’s willingness to stand for themselves.The laws Gilean were so ruthless to law breakers or even purported law breakers. We see a police force called ‘the Angels’ that was basically an execution squad set to squash rebels; systematic oppression. A holy nun, aunt Lydia even works as spy in addition to being an administrator to the monastery that bred handmaids. A wall is even built to display the corpses of the rebels. In the heights of all we see the Offred justify the people hanged on the wall â€Å"have committed atrocities and must be made into examples, for the rest† (artwood-42).ConclusionThe above examples can be related to the scenarios prevalent in the present times. Back in 2014 we saw boko haram in Nigeria abduct 200 school girls and take them to militia camps so that they could sire a new generation of rebels. These are the same scenarios where gender discrimination breeds, we are aware of some primitive societies like the Maasai in Kenya that do not allow their girls to get education and they believe that their role is strictly to reproduce and take care of men (myers-2018). If we tone issues down we will see the need to dissect why Arab states dictate that women should never be their leaders leave alone drive cars. When names of heroin ladies like Rewiyya, Briska Bernard, Sayidat Zuhal get mentioned we see that women all over the world need saving as the vice has become a norm in the societies we live in (rea-2017). it his high time that people stop viewing these vices as norms and see the reasons behind the laws formulated or their adverse effects. References Margaret Artwood- 1985The Handmaid’s TaleS Haghi-2016 Suppressing Agency: transitive analysis of Margaret Artwood’s The Handmaid’s TaleJ Rea-2017 Lessons from handmaid’s taleJ Himberg-2018The lavender menace returns: reading gender and sexuality in the Handmaid’s TaleN Myers-2018 Hearing voices among the indigenous Maasai women in Tanzania: implications for global mental health How to cite Heights of Oppression, Papers

The First Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students

The First Thanksgiving Essay The First Thanksgiving Essay On September 6, 1620, 102 men, women and children from England boarded a small cargo boat called the Mayflower and set sail for the New World. The passengers left their homes in England in search of religious freedom from the King of England. Today they are known as pilgrims. After braving two months at sea, crossing the stormy Atlantic Ocean, the Pilgrims finally landed off the coast of the New World. In the freezing December waters, they anchored the Mayflower and sent a landing party to what is now Plymouth Harbor beach. To secure the small landing boat against the rain and winds, they tied it to a large rock Plymouth Rock and so begins the legend of the original Thanksgiving tale. The Pilgrims found themselves in a harsh new environment. In the middle of winter, they slowly built a settlement at the site of an abandoned Pawtuxet Indian village. Not used to hunting or fishing, they struggled to find food. Many were starving. The future looked bleak. Many of the pilgrims did not survive the first winter. By the time spring arrived, they still had not met the Indians. Instead, they lived in fear of their unseen neighbors based on savage tales they heard from scouts. When April arrived, the crew of the Mayflower raised its sails and set off for England, offering to take any Pilgrim who wished to return to England. Faced with the choice of the harsh New World, or the religious intolerance of the King, they all stayed. One day, a lone Indian man walked into the settlement. He raised his hand in friendship to the settlers. The Pilgrims welcomed this stranger named Samoset. Samoset introduced the Pilgrims to his chief, Massasoit, and his interpreter, Squanto. Squanto spoke English because he had been captured as a boy by traders who had come to the New World in search of slaves. Squanto was taken to England and lived there many years before returning to the New World. He alone understood that the Pilgrims did not know how to hunt or fish that they would die without help in the New World. Squanto and Chief Massasoit extended their friendship to the Pilgrims. They showed them how to catch fish with nets and how to grow corn, pumpkins, potatoes and squash foods from the New World. The Indians showed the Pilgrims where to hunt turkey and deer, and where to gather nuts and berries. They explained to the Pilgrims that the land was master of those who walked and lived there. The harvest of 1621 saw the fulfillment of their labors. The Pilgrims had grown barley, corn, pumpkins, and beans. The settlers labored to gather their bounty; and in thanks for their fortune, decided to honor the land with a special day of thanks and celebration. In friendship and gratitude to Squanto, Chief Massasoit and the Indian people, they invited their new friends to join in the feast. The Pilgrims spent days preparing for the feast. The men hunted ducks and turkeys, while the women baked food and decorated the table. When the day finally arrived, the Pilgrims were surprised to see not 10, not 20, but 90 Indians approaching the village! They brought with them a bounty all their own. For three days, the Indians and Pilgrims feasted and gave thanks to the land for the harvest. It was a celebration of friendship and thanks; but most of all, it was a celebration of freedom. Neither the Indians nor the Pilgrims knew what they had begun, but from this celebration emerged Thanksgiving as we know it today. We have been celebrating it as a uniquely American holiday ever since. In 1863, President Lincoln officially declared the last Thursday in November a holiday of thanksgiving and praise, and so it remains today. 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