Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout

Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout Presentation: Regardless of the advancement of oil and gas industry innovation, Wellbore precariousness stays one of non gainful time that cost industry billions consistently. wellbore flimsiness has been one of the well arranging stage and been concentrated broadly (Bradley,1979; Bell, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003; Gentzis et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009; Ding, 2011). Penetrating through a development prompted pressure changing a round the borehole because of rock expulsion. In this examination, mud weight pressure is the controllable boundary during the boring. The mud weight pressure impacts can cause two disappointment instruments which are shear disappointment (breakout) and elastic disappointment (cracking), these issues consider as the principle wellbore disappointment. Borehole breakout happens when the mud weight is lower than anticipated. in other word, the breakout disappointment happens when the pressure forced by penetrating mud lower than compressive quality. Then again, higher mud weig ht can prompt elastic disappointment due to attack of mud into the development. The results behind these issues are stuck funnel, reaming activity, lost course, and derailing. To dispense with these issues numerous boundaries ought to be viewed as such us rock quality, pore pressure, in-situ stress, and stress direction. Besides, breakout and cracking can be lessening or wipe out by picking the reasonable mud weight for penetrating. By utilizing a constitutive model to anticipate the worries around the wellbore associated with a disappointment standards, Strength of store rocks can be determined. Henceforth, determination of the appropriate disappointment models will consider as the principle part of wellbore soundness examination. Borehole breakout is a broadening and stretching of wellbore a specific way and it considers as the significant pointers to foresee the direction of min. flat pressure. This amplification can be anticipated by utilizing 4-6 arm caliper instrument, Optical imaging log, resistive picture log, and acoustic picture log (Jaeger et al.,2009; Bell and Gough, 1979; Zoback et al.,1985).ã‚â Figure (1) shows wellbore extension design through 4 arm caliper. The 4 arms caliper has 4 cushions in two calipers (cushion 1 and 3) speak to Caliper 1 (C1) and (cushion 2 and 4) speak to caliper 2 (C2). The measurement of the opening can be distinguished from those two calipers. Fig 1a speaks to an in-check opening reason C1 and C2 have same perusing of bit size. Conversely 1C shows an extreme waste of time in opening size and caliper perusing show this development. Remain on well logs information and exact conditions, the stone quality and mechanical properties can be acquired (Rahimi, 2014). (Westergarrd. 1940) in-situ stress can be gotten by versatile trademark conditions. Likewise, from elastoplastic trademark condition in-situ pressure can be determined (chang et al., 2006). Also , (LOT) and smaller than usual frac. test can assist us with determining in-situ focuses on (Bardley 1979b). Numerous models have been worked to decide the incited worry in a roundabout well and anticipate the reasonable mud pressure by utilizing Failure rules. In this investigation, three disappointment models have been utilized to foresee the best possible mud weight in the Nahr Umr arrangement in southern Iraq. The three disappointment models are Mohr-coulomb, Mogi-coulomb, and changed replenish. Fig (1) Caliper log reactions due to wellbore expansion (Tingay ) Geographical properties of the field and the objective supply. The H oil recorded is a land-based field situated in southeastern Iraq between the city of Basra and the Kuwait fringe (Figure 2). The field is an anticline that runs generally north-west to south-southeast around 60 km long and 10-15 km wide. The anticline of H field has four vaults separated by saddles, from the northwest to southeast these are: Al-Hamar Shuaiba Rafidyah Safwan Fig (3) The four arches in H documented The found stores are contained in five supplies: Mishrif, Nahr Umr, Zubair third Pay, Zubair fourth Pay and Yamama. (Figure 3) speaks to well stratigraphic. Nahr Umr Formation is an intriguing potential water source zone because of the plenitude of log information through the unit, water saltiness that is perfect with the Mishrif and Zubair Formation waters, and the revealed degree and quality of the spring. It is made principally out of Sandstone interbedded with dashes of (Shale, Siltstone Limestone). Normal thickness of Nahr Umr development is +/ - 260 m and the porosity surpass 25% with a normal of 20% porousness ranges from 1000 md to 9000 md. Relies upon data from in excess of fifteen wells, shear disappointment has been seen in Nahr Umr development extraordinarily at the shale layers. This breakout has been appeared on shale shaker and by caliper log. Fig (4) stratigraphic of H field

Theories of Teaching &Learning Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: You are to Produce a Persuasive Essay accordingly the accompanying proclamation: 'Successful educators need a scope of systems to guarantee that understudies learn.' Answer: Presentation Instructors are the best people who can assume the liability to manufacture a brilliant society. The understudies are the mainstays of the general public who have the capacity to hold the duties so as to take the general public to another degree of accomplishment. It requires ideal qualification of the instructors so as to make the understudies qualified for the general public. The ethics of life, instruction, training about morals, culture and so on is primarily given by the instructors. The understudies come to think pretty much all the strategies of the general public, the way of life of the nation and numerous things. The exercises about these angles are for the most part gained from the information on the educators. It very well may be said that the qualification of the educators must meet all the necessary models and the legislature of the nation must give the best possible framework to the instructors with the goal that the educators must get the correct stage to give the trai ning. An ideal educator can assume the job of pioneers in the field of training. They can persuade the understudies by setting ideal model in the field of learning. Teaching method and study hall practice The science and the specialty of training can be named as the teaching method (Pistolesi, 2001). This can be considered as the instructional hypothesis. The job of a teacher for this situation is vital. They are the person who can build up the calculated information and can deal with the substance of learning exercises in instructive settings. Instructional method is characterized the same number of various sorts of a few educating methodology. It tends to be said that a wide scope of encouraging procedures can be expounded by this technique and it very well may be depicted thusly that instructional method has the meaning of the center educating forms. The instructors become qualified to educate superbly and the understudies become devoted to get familiar with all the instructed exercises. There are a lot all the more instructing forms that is secured by instructional method. Those procedures are, disclosure learning, free investigation, separation learning and hands on learning (Wat kins, 2010). Homeroom rehearses are the best choices so as to build the information on the understudies. It can expound along these lines that the homerooms are the best spot where numerous understudies come and the training procedure goes before everybody. This is powerful as far as educating process. Everything occurs before everybody where a specific understudy gets the chance to gain from the slip-ups of the others. Then again a portion of the understudies get the inspiration from the presentation of different understudies too. The educators think that its simple and utilize the circumstance flawlessly so as to make the showing procedure progressively successful in the study halls. The educators get different sorts of understudies where they can circulate the information and insight in a nonpartisan manner (Wynne, 2010). There are a few study hall rehearses that can be portrayed in the kindness of the understudies. The practices are as per the following, Instructors and the students must get into every others lives and the practices and perspectives of the understudy must be adapted appropriately so as to propel the standards and desires for living. The shared regard and normal graciousness are kept up by the instructors and the students by tending to each other by name (Wieliczkiewicz, 2014). The instructors or the educators are instructed at first and subsequent to getting appropriate training they disseminate the information among the understudies. The learning encounters must be connected with this present reality and the procedures must persuade the degree to be associated with the lives of the understudy. The learning procedures can be named as compelling in the event that they are connected with the feelings and truth of the understudies. The educators consistently prescribe the understudies to focus on the basic reasoning strategies. A thought can be created or relational aptitudes can be created if the basic reasoning is instructed appropriately (Caroselli, 2003). Study halls are the best places where nature of training is non-undermining. The understudies and the instructors are consistently prepared to take any sort of dangers in the field of learning. The study halls give that sort of condition where the mix-ups are accepted as open doors and both the student and the instructor think about the missteps as future chances (Ahmad Usmani, Umar Usmani, 2014). It implies they gain from their mix-ups and attempt to maintain a strategic distance from them later on. The memory work, composing aptitudes, perusing abilities are drilled every day that help the understudies to enhance their relational abilities. These additionally help the understudies to assemble a strong character. The correspondence ability and the way toward inspiring others are likewise gained from the study hall rehearses. The linguistic blunder is diminished and the jargon is enhanced by appropriate showing forms in the homerooms. It tends to be explained along these lines that the adequacy of the instructors and the catching intensity of the understudies can make the entire procedure of learning powerful for the students just as for the teachers. The trained, positive and caring condition of the study halls impacts the instructors and the understudies. This kind of condition is successful from the authoritative perspective. The educators and the understudies get the best possible enthusiasm to proceed with the procedure with incredible viability. Crafted by the students are portrayed in a specific structure. Positive and opportune input is given to the understudies in a traditional oral or composed editorial. It enables the understudies in the best way and they to get legitimate reaction against their questions. The talking intensity of the understudies increments. The understudies become acquainted with about the correct relational abilities and they find out about word recognizable proof (Salmon, Young, 2011). Study hall instructing procedure can assist a student with learning about their own obligations and the conduct of the understudy will likewise get improved by appropriate training. The educator must take all the obligations so as to build up the attributes of the understudies. The every day execution of the understudies is additionally expanded by the exhibitions of the homeroom educators. It implies an educator in the study hall can be compelling so as to improve the day by day life of the understudies (Small, Vorgan, 2011). The most significant truth of study hall process is that each student experience accomplishment in the learning field. It is clear the educator is the fundamental individual behind this. They look at the functions and exercises of the understudies with the past experience of the educators. The instructors don't analyze the presentation of the understudies. It causes the understudies to gain from the past missteps and they become mindful of the circumstance where they committed errors last time. The instructors encourage the students on their feet and it causes them to make their very own consistent picture characters. The understudies expect that their pioneers are standing tall in any sort of troublesome circumstance. The increase inspiration from it and they make themselves qualified for any sort of circumstance (Supplemental Material for Motivation Sharpens Exogenous Spatial Attention, 2014). The relational correspondence aptitude is likewise improved through these classes. It tends to be said that the underlying phase of learning itself require ideal correspondence so as to cause the understudies to comprehend about the educating procedure. Toward the finish of everything the instructors and the students are such a great amount of associated with one another that they praise every others achievement. On the off chance that the understudies get great outcomes, at that point they get appropriate positive criticism from the instructors and the other way around. Impression of individual advantages It is my own experience where I can solidly say that the adequacy of the instructors and vital choices of them can assist an understudy with developing him/herself. A compelling educator is consistently useful for the understudies. Clearly the IQ of the understudy is consistently essential in the training field. I have developed with the assistance of a few educators in my secondary school and college. They have held my turn in numerous troublesome circumstances and helped me out to turn into an effective man in present days. It very well may be said that the educators and the students must have a base correspondence among them so as to be compelling in the learning field. My perspective says that the understudies must clarify everything before the instructors. All the questions and the inquiries must be clarified to the educators so as to pick up the best criticism from them. I think the learning procedure turns out to be progressively successful with the viability of the educators and the understudies. Legitimate correspondence among them can set the earth of the study hall superbly for them (ALKIN-?AH?N, 2015). I have been profited in each potential manners in the field of learning by the instructors along these lines I figure appropriate students and teachers can make the learning procedure successful. Impact of youngster advancement on learning The impact of youngster advancement on learning can be examined through different phases of conversations (Browne, Cantelo, 2017). The stages are as per the following, Which means of learning The significance of learning can really be depicted relying upon the adjustments in the conduct of the people. It very well may be said that appropriate learning can impact a specific understudy in the best of ways and can support him/her to build up the character in the best of ways. Another way portraying learning should be possible by various societies of the people. The job of transmitting the information starting with one then onto the next should be possible adequately by sharing language, convictions and customs (Hiraiwa, Bodomo, 2008). Learning through results Kid advancement requires various results and this makes the learning procedure progressively appealing. Various types of occasions, learning forms and a lot more can make the learning procedure more powerful than some other. It very well may be said th

How Can I Stop OCD Thoughts

How Can I Stop OCD Thoughts OCD Living With OCD Print How Can I Stop OCD Thoughts? Why Suppressing Your Obsessive Thoughts Actually Makes Them Worse By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 17, 2018 Peter Dazeley / Getty Images More in OCD Living With OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Related Conditions Many people with  obsessive-compulsive disorder  (OCD)  ask, How can I stop having  OCD thoughts? It is important to remember that up to 90% of people have strange, bizarre and even disturbing thoughts on a daily basis. If bizarre or disturbing thoughts are actually normal, what matters is not whether we have them, but how we react to them.   Why People With OCD Thoughts Find Them Overwhelming Through a process called thought-action fusion, some people with OCD often believe that simply thinking about something disturbing, such as molesting a neighbor or killing a spouse, is morally equivalent to carrying out such an act. In another example, someone with thought-action fusion might believe that by just thinking about a car crash or contracting a serious disease it makes these events more likely. Some OCD sufferers may feel that such thoughts are dangerous and want to monitor them closely, just as you might monitor a suspicious car driving around your neighborhood. Once youve labeled some of your thoughts as dangerous, you may try to push away or suppress them, but research shows that this cycle of monitoring and thought suppression can actually lead to the development of obsessive thoughts. Even if you dont have to deal with thought-action fusion, if you have OCD, you likely have to deal with obsessive thoughts on a daily basis. It can become so overwhelming that you would give anything to stop the thoughts that are invading your brain and making your life so difficult. Dont Try to Stop OCD Thoughts Although it is easier to say than to believe, try to remember that thoughts are just strings of words that pop into your mind and are not inherently dangerous. You are not obliged to take them seriously just because your brain generated them. Moreover, they do not necessarily say anything about you, your values or your morals. In fact, OCD thoughts very often reflect the very things that the person having the thoughts finds the most offensive.?? As hard as it may be, dont try to push your thoughts away because that actually makes them come back even more and may even cause you to obsess over them. Try to just let the thoughts occur and not get upset about them or try to shove them out of your mind. Acknowledge that your thoughts are real, but dont analyze them or question them too much.     Take It Easy on Yourself Try not to beat yourself up, particularly if your thoughts make you feel guilty or fearful. We have very little control over the things that pop into our minds unbidden, so give yourself a break. Recognize the thought or feeling, but dont let it set you back in your treatment or your day. Crazy or upsetting thoughts come and go for everyone, even people without OCD, like ripples on a pond. Get Help for OCD Thoughts If You Need It If your OCD thoughts are too many or too stressful, be sure to talk to your doctor or a mental health professional about treatment. Get Treatmeant With the Best Online Therapy Programs Many patients report that mindfulness techniques can be helpful in gaining a more objective picture around ones thoughts. Of course, treatment with medication and psychotherapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or exposure and response prevention therapy  (ERP) can also help.

Parallels of Imperialism and Opression in Avatar Essay

Native American Literature Film Parallels of Imperialism and Opression in Avatar Set on the planet Pandora, Avatar is a science-fiction story of a money-hungry corporation’s attempt to conquer and excavate the land of humanoids known as Na’Vi. Jake Sully is a paraplegic, who is sent to space to complete his deceased brother’s mission because they share the same genome, which is necessary to navigate the expensive avatar that had already been cloned. We learn that the avatar is basically a mind-transporter used to be a part of and learn about the Na’Vi community. During his first expedition in the land of the Na’Vi, Jake gets lost and encounters one of the main female members of the tribe who ends up taking him under her wing and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The evil powers want the aborigines off of the territory because there is a very valuable mineral in the ground. They dont mind killing them off for achieving the goal,† a narrative statement from Avatar. The statements made were evidently anti-war, som e viewers even went as far to say that the film and its director, James Cameron, were anti-American. The additional expressions of American policy on terrorism and neglect of veterans contributed to the anti-American assertions. The Colonel of the space troops exclaims that they â€Å"will fight terror with terror,† paraphrasing an infamous Bush quote he said regarding Pakistan during a press conference in 2007. The film also touches on the topic veteran benefits in its fifth narrative line, â€Å"A VA check and 12 bucks won’t get you a cup of coffee - not on vet benefits, not in this economy.† The film also disparages corporate greed in more moments than one. One moment this is evident is when Parker Selfridge, the passive-aggressive head administrator of the Resources Development Administration expresses his frustration and disregard towards the indigenous peoples saying, â€Å"the damn village happens to be sitting on top of the richest unobtanium deposit within 200 klicks in any direction. I mean, look at all that cheddar!† Subsequently, the castigations against oppression of the indigenous and destruction of ecosystems for minerals

Osmolarity and Osmolality in Chemistry

Osmolarity and osmolality are units of solute concentration that are often used in reference to biochemistry and body fluids. While any polar solvent could be used, these units are used almost exclusively for aqueous (water) solutions. Learn what osmolarity and osmolality are and how to express them. Osmoles Both osmolarity and osmolality are defined in terms of osmoles. An osmole is a unit of measurement that describes the number of moles of a compound that contribute to the osmotic pressure of a chemical solution. The osmole is related to osmosis and is used in reference to a solution where osmotic pressure is important, such as blood and urine. Osmolarity Osmolarity is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter (L) of a solution. It is expressed in terms of osmol/L or Osm/L. Osmolarity depends on the number of particles in a chemical solution, but not on the identity of those molecules or ions. Sample Osmolarity Calculations A 1 mol/L NaCl solution has an osmolarity of 2 osmol/L. A mole of NaCl dissociates fully in water to yield  two moles  of particles: Na  ions and Cl-  ions. Each mole of NaCl becomes two osmoles in solution. A 1 M solution of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, dissociates into 2 sodium ions and 1 sulfate anion, so each mole of sodium sulfate becomes 3 osmoles in solution (3 Osm). To find the osmolarity of a 0.3% NaCl solution, you first calculate the molarity of the salt solution and then convert the molarity to osmolarity. Convert percent to molarity:0.03 % 3 grams / 100 ml 3 grams / 0.1 L 30 g/Lmolarity NaCl moles / liter (30 g/L) x (1 mol / molecular weight of NaCl) Look up the atomic weights of Na and Cl on the periodic table and add the together to get the molecular weight. Na is 22.99 g and Cl is 35.45 g, so the molecular weight of NaCl is 22.99 35.45, which is 58.44 grams per mole. Plugging this in: molarity of the 3% salt solution (30 g/L) / (58.44 g/mol)molarity 0.51 M You know there are 2 osmoles of NaCl per mole, so: osmolarity of 3% NaCl molarity x 2osmolarity 0.51 x 2osmolarity 1.03 Osm Osmolality Osmolality is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It is expressed in terms of osmol/kg or Osm/kg. When the solvent is water, osmolarity and osmolality may be nearly the same under ordinary conditions, since the approximate density of water is 1 g/ml or 1 kg/L. The value changes as the temperature changes (e.g., the density of water at 100 C is 0.9974 kg/L). When to Use Osmolarity vs Osmolality Osmolality is convenient to use because the amount of solvent remains constant, regardless of changes in temperature and pressure. While osmolarity is easy to calculate, its less difficult to determine because the volume of a solution changes according to temperature and pressure. Osmolarity is most commonly used when all measurements are made at a constant temperature and pressure. Note a 1 molar (M) solution will usually have a higher concentration of solute than a 1 molal solution because solute accounts for some of the space in the solution volume.

Heights of Oppression Free Essays

string(145) " theme with the issues in the 21st century, I referenced the reviews and my own findings to scholarly articles that touch on the present issues\." The hands maid tale is skillfully woven book that touches on plenty of issues. Though the book was written 1985, it has received present time praises that have increased its sales over the past few years. Serializing of the book on film also drew critics to it as it raised many touching issues; love, politics, religion, gender, language and sex among many other many other contemporary issues that still spark debates in the 21st century. We will write a custom essay sample on Heights of Oppression or any similar topic only for you Order Now We must acknowledge that the writer employed interesting writing styles to clearly depict the themes she wanted so as to achieve the rewards of a timeless masterpiece. Repetition to create emphasis was the main writing device. The recent buyers have had the motivation to acquire and read the book because each of them can at least find a sentimental issue to connect to from the book. My literature review will delve into on one theme from the book that will capture the attention of most of the readers because the society at large is by all means connected to it.I chose the theme of oppression because there a many people that will connect to this due to its diversity. In this theme are many other sub themes that can be expounded on; social oppression, religious oppression, economic oppression, gender oppression among many other forms. This paper is to make the audience aware of pressing issue and around them and motivate them to act to emancipate themselves. I will gauge the effect of my work according to how I will captivate my audience. The connection that my desired audience will feel towards my review will prove the sweat I put in it to. I will use online reviews to build my case and scholarly articles prove my point. Relevant examples with connection to the issues around us will be elaborated in the discussion part of the research. First I will elaborate and give a general meaning to the theme then state the specific types of oppression I will be touching on depending on how the book has presented it in its characters and stage setting. The scholarly references and online reviews will be stated and I will use my own arguments; that I will mainly draw from my culture to explain how my society perceives the matter and their notions or decisions they have on it. Where possible, I will be stating the origin of the notions and what they eventually lead to; either more oppression or redemption. My introduction will begin with the statement problem as depicted in the book. That will be followed by the research materials and research methods I used to expound on my themes. Finally, I will explain the main reason behind my writing and how it will help the readers connect to the real time issues. When looking for online reviews, ones made by literature professors would be most preferable. When selecting scholarly articles; I will stick to ones that expound to the theme of oppression to prevent myself from derailing the theme or my audience the chance of questioning my relevance. The links between the book, the theme in question, the reviews and scholarly articles capped with my earnest opinion about how the society perceives the matter will define the credibility of my essay. The main objective behind the essay is to show the audience that there exist unseen problems in the society; ones that happen as a norm and that there are solutions to them. This paper really matters to the society as it will give a guide on many other themes in the book and show the way to liberation from their miserable status quos. IntroductionOppression is the central theme in the book as it lays foundation to all other evils in the book. Sexism, gender discrimination, religious oppression and classism all lay allegiance to the theme. The major part of the book is a recollection of events from the protagonist; Offred. She is giving her take to her new audience after she luckily fled the dreaded city of Gilead. The language she uses; gives vivid picture to the grotesque status quo she was in. the authors base of emphasis also stresses on the key theme; oppression. Gilean is an imaginary authoritarian city that came into being when there was a significant drop in fertility scores and with them a drop of birthrates. The ruling class saw it relevant to come up with laws that would class people for the roles they were to do in that jurisdiction. Women were the main prey under the claws; they were to strictly bear children. No education or jobs were given to them as they would pose competition to men and divert them from their main role; reproduction. Margaret’s description to them through the protagonist is; a set of ovaries encompassing a womb. They were barred from talking alcohol, caffeine or nicotine as it would reduce their fertility. The paradox is that it is women other female characters that take pleasure in oppressing other women either to please the regime or themselves. The society has also been oppressed as they have been classified and color coded. Different colors specified roles and authority to be used over the subject.Research methodQualitative literature analysis is the method I have employed in the whole research. The characters in the novel handmaid’s tale are ones that I have used to extrapolate the theme of oppression. The settings in the book and the mood it presents made the book a choice as they all blended significantly to the theme in question. Carefully reading the novel was the first step. I had to be precise so as to note the stylistic devices used and their motive in either backing or refuting of the theme. My understanding of the book was enhanced by specific reviews of it that targeted the theme at hand. In order to relate the theme with the issues in the 21st century, I referenced the reviews and my own findings to scholarly articles that touch on the present issues. You read "Heights of Oppression" in category "Papers" Watching the television series also clarified my view as it clearly depicted the situation as it was during the scripting of the book. The mood, setting and ambience set in the movie were a clear replica of the ones in the book. Apart from focusing on these only, I also touched on the other main theme to gauge if they are the ones that catalyzed the oppression or if oppression was the base that all other evils in the book were built on. That I did so as to cast away the shadow of biasness and portray issues as they were set to be by the author in a bid to convince my audience that the issues in the book were the exact semblance of the issues they faced.ResultsEven from the prologue of the book it was clear that oppression was the wind that sails of the evils in the book rode on. To be precise, it was gender oppression that lay founding to the utopian city and sexism that paved way for the ruling class. My own analysis revealed that oppression was so deep that the individuals and the society saw it as a norm and had no hope or motive to redeem them at all. The analysis put to record that there exist 2 measures of oppressions; systematic oppression and individual oppression. Systematic was one imposed by the regime; the formulated draconian laws and individual oppression was one that the individuals forced themselves to believe that what was being done to them was right and that they better contend with it or risk an immature end. From the commentary and remarks that the series got I noticed oppression was still the center stage in the present societies. In the book we saw the blacks and the Jews being treated differently from the rest of the ruling class; the whites. They even had names tags to refer to them; racial oppression. We see that the laws hugely disfavored them and they were given the crudest of all jobs and invoked the harshest form of punishments; death. Religion was seen as a catalyst to the broadening of them theme and not a savior to the situation; religious oppression. Color coding was done define authority, privileges and roles. Here I saw no form of rebellion to it and a society that was treated quite highly than the other always exploited the ones that were below it. This treatment and exploitation was toned down to individual level and done in the most sleek and dreadful ways; we notice that the characters mused at themselves for stamping their authorities over others. Depending on who was doing the oppression, why it was being done and where it was being done led to diversification and further classification of the evil; dictatorship, racism, sexism and sycophantism. Those were the exact settings that were portrayed in the televised series yet it spurred a lot of critics that it invoked bitter dissent in people. DiscussionIn this part I will be giving my evidence in support in the systematic then individual oppression format backed by speeches of the characters in the book and showing the page numbers. I will further give my own views about the cause and course of the speech and the motive behind it according to the setting and the situation the character was in. I will back my claim with a scholarly article then finalize this chapter with how the issues relate in our present society across the globe. Systematic oppression was prevalent to the book as it the law of gender classification and prescribed women to reproductive roles only. Women were raped and the whole thing enshrined in the law that formed ‘The ceremony’. This is the law that gave rise to handmaids (himberg-2018). Women are given no choice as the ‘Aunts’ force them to commit themselves to the profaning doctrines or choose between that, death and the ‘unwomen’. We see the Offred justifying the act by saying â€Å"..nor does rape cover it; nothing is going o here that I haven’t signed up for† (artwood-94). It is her justification and compliance that depicts individual oppression.The law that handmaids were only bear children with generals was another form of systematic oppression (haghi-2016). Twisted religious definitions also added weight on this saying that their God considered it a sin. The handmaids and ones that impregnated them would face automatic death penalties if found out. In this case we see Ofglen describe Janine’s despondency she thinks its her fault..two in a row for being sinful† (artwood-215). This was after Janine had lost two of her babies. Janine is not happy with the situation but she justifies it. That statement reveals the height of individual oppression and that melted the people’s willingness to stand for themselves.The laws Gilean were so ruthless to law breakers or even purported law breakers. We see a police force called ‘the Angels’ that was basically an execution squad set to squash rebels; systematic oppression. A holy nun, aunt Lydia even works as spy in addition to being an administrator to the monastery that bred handmaids. A wall is even built to display the corpses of the rebels. In the heights of all we see the Offred justify the people hanged on the wall â€Å"have committed atrocities and must be made into examples, for the rest† (artwood-42).ConclusionThe above examples can be related to the scenarios prevalent in the present times. Back in 2014 we saw boko haram in Nigeria abduct 200 school girls and take them to militia camps so that they could sire a new generation of rebels. These are the same scenarios where gender discrimination breeds, we are aware of some primitive societies like the Maasai in Kenya that do not allow their girls to get education and they believe that their role is strictly to reproduce and take care of men (myers-2018). If we tone issues down we will see the need to dissect why Arab states dictate that women should never be their leaders leave alone drive cars. When names of heroin ladies like Rewiyya, Briska Bernard, Sayidat Zuhal get mentioned we see that women all over the world need saving as the vice has become a norm in the societies we live in (rea-2017). it his high time that people stop viewing these vices as norms and see the reasons behind the laws formulated or their adverse effects. References Margaret Artwood- 1985The Handmaid’s TaleS Haghi-2016 Suppressing Agency: transitive analysis of Margaret Artwood’s The Handmaid’s TaleJ Rea-2017 Lessons from handmaid’s taleJ Himberg-2018The lavender menace returns: reading gender and sexuality in the Handmaid’s TaleN Myers-2018 Hearing voices among the indigenous Maasai women in Tanzania: implications for global mental health How to cite Heights of Oppression, Papers

The First Thanksgiving Essay Example For Students

The First Thanksgiving Essay The First Thanksgiving Essay On September 6, 1620, 102 men, women and children from England boarded a small cargo boat called the Mayflower and set sail for the New World. The passengers left their homes in England in search of religious freedom from the King of England. Today they are known as pilgrims. After braving two months at sea, crossing the stormy Atlantic Ocean, the Pilgrims finally landed off the coast of the New World. In the freezing December waters, they anchored the Mayflower and sent a landing party to what is now Plymouth Harbor beach. To secure the small landing boat against the rain and winds, they tied it to a large rock Plymouth Rock and so begins the legend of the original Thanksgiving tale. The Pilgrims found themselves in a harsh new environment. In the middle of winter, they slowly built a settlement at the site of an abandoned Pawtuxet Indian village. Not used to hunting or fishing, they struggled to find food. Many were starving. The future looked bleak. Many of the pilgrims did not survive the first winter. By the time spring arrived, they still had not met the Indians. Instead, they lived in fear of their unseen neighbors based on savage tales they heard from scouts. When April arrived, the crew of the Mayflower raised its sails and set off for England, offering to take any Pilgrim who wished to return to England. Faced with the choice of the harsh New World, or the religious intolerance of the King, they all stayed. One day, a lone Indian man walked into the settlement. He raised his hand in friendship to the settlers. The Pilgrims welcomed this stranger named Samoset. Samoset introduced the Pilgrims to his chief, Massasoit, and his interpreter, Squanto. Squanto spoke English because he had been captured as a boy by traders who had come to the New World in search of slaves. Squanto was taken to England and lived there many years before returning to the New World. He alone understood that the Pilgrims did not know how to hunt or fish that they would die without help in the New World. Squanto and Chief Massasoit extended their friendship to the Pilgrims. They showed them how to catch fish with nets and how to grow corn, pumpkins, potatoes and squash foods from the New World. The Indians showed the Pilgrims where to hunt turkey and deer, and where to gather nuts and berries. They explained to the Pilgrims that the land was master of those who walked and lived there. The harvest of 1621 saw the fulfillment of their labors. The Pilgrims had grown barley, corn, pumpkins, and beans. The settlers labored to gather their bounty; and in thanks for their fortune, decided to honor the land with a special day of thanks and celebration. In friendship and gratitude to Squanto, Chief Massasoit and the Indian people, they invited their new friends to join in the feast. The Pilgrims spent days preparing for the feast. The men hunted ducks and turkeys, while the women baked food and decorated the table. When the day finally arrived, the Pilgrims were surprised to see not 10, not 20, but 90 Indians approaching the village! They brought with them a bounty all their own. For three days, the Indians and Pilgrims feasted and gave thanks to the land for the harvest. It was a celebration of friendship and thanks; but most of all, it was a celebration of freedom. Neither the Indians nor the Pilgrims knew what they had begun, but from this celebration emerged Thanksgiving as we know it today. We have been celebrating it as a uniquely American holiday ever since. In 1863, President Lincoln officially declared the last Thursday in November a holiday of thanksgiving and praise, and so it remains today. Happy Thanksgiving! .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 , .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .postImageUrl , .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 , .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26:hover , .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26:visited , .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26:active { border:0!important; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26:active , .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26 .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u339e87bbf268650af34e655a4453da26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Malcolm X Persuasive EssayBibliography: .

Gun Control Essays (829 words) - Firearms, Gun Politics, Gun Control

Gun Control Section 1. Overview The issue of the letter which I sent was gun control legislation. The recipient of my letter was United States Senator George V. Voinovich of Ohio. This issue is an important topic in our country at this time which involves critical and controversial legislation, a large industry and special interest groups. Section 2. Summary of the Issue The Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights in the United States Constitution states, ?the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.? The reason for this Amendment as intended by the founding fathers was to insure that the citizens of the newly formed union could protect themselves from government tyranny and to guarantee the states a right to a militia. As with many other reasons for reform, the colonial authors could never have imagined that weapons would exist such as the ones that were banned in the 1994 Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act. The need for gun control legislation was never really a hot topic in the United States until the early 1980's, starting with the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan. During the last two decades this issue has sky-rocketed to the top of the list of concerns of the American Glover 2 population. After the April 1999, massacre at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado gun control became the topic of much full scale nationalized and media exploited debate in our country, especially in the federal and state Congresses. Even though gun control legislation was already being debated and bills concerning gun control were set to be voted on within days and weeks of the Columbine incident in both federal and state Houses, a new and even stronger waive of calls for reform ripped through the nation. Most called for better control laws, but some called for radical legislation. Section 3. Relation to Course The large gun manufacturing and retail industry is supported by many special interests groups. These groups, like other industry support groups, are very important to those employed by this industry for job security. One of the most powerful lobbies in the nation today is in fact the gun lobby. Although recently many of the anti-gun control groups such as the NRA and the American Shooting Sports Council, Inc. have agreed and even pushed for better gun legislation. Many Congressmen are also supported by PAC's which either support or oppose gun control legislation. Even in wake of the pressing of constituents who may have changed there views recently and are pushing for new reforms, this makes it very difficult for Congressmen to vote against the beliefs of these committees as long as they continue to hold fast to there beliefs. This conflict will probably create a reluctance of Congressmen to come to a compromise on bills before they can even be brought to the floor for vote. Even if new gun control legislation is passed the question will again be raised about whether the law is in compliance with the Second Amendment. With all of the controversy that surrounds this issue it is undoubted that a new law would be opposed in the United States Glover 3 Supreme Court. In the past the Supreme has been quick to rule against any law that even slightly infringes on the Second Amendment. This may be another area of reluctance for Congressmen to pass gun control legislation. Section 4. Recipient United States Senator George V. Voinovich was elected to the Senate in 1998. Before that time he served two terms as Governor of Ohio and ten years as the Mayor of the city of Cleveland. In the Senate, he serves on four committees: the Environment and Public Works Committee, the Governmental Affairs Committee, the Small Business Committee and the Select Committee on Ethics. When deciding which official to write to I chose Senator Voinovich because he is the highest ranking federal official who was elected in an election in which I was able to participate and also because of his strong reputation as a leader and motivater. I have received a reply from the Senators office in which he states his stance on gun control legislation and assured me that my concerns would be taken into account in future legislation. Section

Free Essays on Necklace

â€Å"The Necklace† The theme of Guy de Maupassant story â€Å"The Necklace† seems to be suggested by the line, â€Å"What would have happened if Mathilde had not lost the necklace?†. Mathilde Loisel grew up in poverty and had no expectations in life. When she got married, her and her husband would sit around the dinner table and imagine they were eating a luxurious meal. They would imagine using shiny silverware and eating their meal on marvelous plates. Together, they had nothing. Mathilde had no clothes, no jewels, and only one friend. One day her husband came home from work and handed her an invitation they had received to attend a ball. Her husband thought that she would be enthusiastic about it, however she busted out in tears. She wanted to attend, yet she had no dress to wear. After digging in to money they had been trying to saved, Mathilde purchased a dress for the ball. As the ball drew near, Mathilde decided she still needed something more to finish o ff the dress they had just spent so much money on. The next day, Mathilde visited her only friend to see if she could barrow some of her jewelry for the evening of the ball. After about an hour of deliberating with her friend about what to jewelry to wear, Mathilde found it. Under all the other pieces of jewelry lied a diamond necklace. Mathilde was ecstatic. Never before had she seen such a beautiful piece of jewelry. She decided this was what she was going to wear. The entire way home she dazzled the necklace. She knew that she would stand out in the crowd at the ball. The night of the ball came and Mithilde looked great. Her and her husband showed up at the ball and everyone was amazed at how good Mithilde appeared. Mithilde was not used to all the attention she received that evening, after all she just a poor young lady. The evening ended and everyone went home. Mithilde decided that one last time she would look at herself in the mirror before getting out of the clothes. When s. .. Free Essays on Necklace Free Essays on Necklace â€Å"The Necklace† The theme of Guy de Maupassant story â€Å"The Necklace† seems to be suggested by the line, â€Å"What would have happened if Mathilde had not lost the necklace?†. Mathilde Loisel grew up in poverty and had no expectations in life. When she got married, her and her husband would sit around the dinner table and imagine they were eating a luxurious meal. They would imagine using shiny silverware and eating their meal on marvelous plates. Together, they had nothing. Mathilde had no clothes, no jewels, and only one friend. One day her husband came home from work and handed her an invitation they had received to attend a ball. Her husband thought that she would be enthusiastic about it, however she busted out in tears. She wanted to attend, yet she had no dress to wear. After digging in to money they had been trying to saved, Mathilde purchased a dress for the ball. As the ball drew near, Mathilde decided she still needed something more to finish o ff the dress they had just spent so much money on. The next day, Mathilde visited her only friend to see if she could barrow some of her jewelry for the evening of the ball. After about an hour of deliberating with her friend about what to jewelry to wear, Mathilde found it. Under all the other pieces of jewelry lied a diamond necklace. Mathilde was ecstatic. Never before had she seen such a beautiful piece of jewelry. She decided this was what she was going to wear. The entire way home she dazzled the necklace. She knew that she would stand out in the crowd at the ball. The night of the ball came and Mithilde looked great. Her and her husband showed up at the ball and everyone was amazed at how good Mithilde appeared. Mithilde was not used to all the attention she received that evening, after all she just a poor young lady. The evening ended and everyone went home. Mithilde decided that one last time she would look at herself in the mirror before getting out of the clothes. When s. ..

Assignment 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment 7 - Essay Example f psychotic disorders characterized by effective distortions of reality; emotional and mental disorganization, as well as the withdrawal of individuals from social interaction. Some theories while trying to explain schizophrenia, give primacy to biologically related factors like biomechanical imbalance. Other theories tend to emphasize on the dynamism of the family, for example, the way one expresses hostility to the ill individual. Depressive disorder entails signs of â€Å"intense sadness, feelings of futility and worthlessness, and withdrawal from others† (Sue, Sue, and Sue, 1990, p. 325). Characteristics of depression are often physically manifested in change in appetite, sleep, and motivations like boredom and apathy. Cross-cultural studies reveal that there are variations in the way cultures define and communicate symptomatology of depression. Some cultures use fewer words in conveying emotions like anger and sadness. Somatization entails the use of bodily complaints as a means of expressing psychological distress. Certain studies have proposed that certain groups, like Hispanics and Japanese somaticize comparatively more than Americans and Europeans. Some of the complaints include intestinal problems and low back pain. Therefore, the carried out research suggests that, even if previously regarded a phenomenon of culture-specific could be universal embedding meanings of culture-specific as well as expression modes. Culture-bound syndromes present the strongest relevance regarding cultural relativism in comprehending and addressing abnormality. Historically, the literature can be put into view points, with the first view proposes that psychopathology and culture are intertwined, and that one has to constrain him/herself within a given framework of culture. This approach is referred to as cultural relativism. The other view, which contrasts the first one hold proposes that even if culture plays a responsibility while determining the actual behavior, the

Proving The Biblical Flood (Noah's Ark) Term Paper

Proving The Biblical Flood (Noah's Ark) - Term Paper Example To this end, God instructed Noah to construct a huge Ark that would shelter his family and also a pair of every animal and bird species in the world. It is stated that Noah complied to each and every of God’s commands and secured himself, his family plus the select pair of every animal and bird species in the Ark. Afterwards, the book of Genesis details a mega flood that rained for 40 days and 40 nights. To this end, Genesis 7:21-22 states that all flesh perished that moved on the Earth, every man, cattle, birds, beasts and all the creeping things (Beitzel, Barry, Barry L. Bandstra, and Laurie, 24). Only the people and land animals on board the Ark were spared. After, one hundred and fifty days, it is stated that the water receded from the Earth. Unfortunately, a majority of sceptics and atheists normally dismiss the Great flood as one of the many mythological tales. Most critics like to point out that there is no evidence on Earth for Noah’s flood. However, The Bible a nd especially the Book of Genesis is a true historical account of the universe. ... This fact is credible considering that all global surface water covers three quarters of the Earth surface. Evidently, some secular geologists have supported the theory that all the continents were once whole and not divided by the massive oceans of today. To this end, it is also a valid point that the receding waters of the flood were sufficient to effect the continental separation changes. Evidently, the Biblical scriptures state that God created the ocean basins by raising the land surface from the water so that the floodwaters may recede to a safer place. Most critics of the Great Flood normally seek for geologic evidence from proponents of the Great Flood. Evidently, a number of Christians are blind to the geological evidence that support the occurrence of the Great Flood. To this end, they have bought in the evolutionary idea that asserts that ‘the present is the key to the past’ (Shimmeal, 67). However, in examining whether the Great Flood really took place, direc tion from Biblical evidence is a starting point. Evidently, in Genesis chapter 7 to chapter 8, it states the fountains of the deep were fractured and water was expunged from within the earth’s core for 150 days. Furthermore, the heavens opened up and there was a global torrential rain for 40 days and nights. To this end, all the mountains and hills were immersed in water. In addition, all creatures on the land were swept away and died. Consequently, in attempt to check for evidence, one would expect to discover billions of dead animals and plants that have been buried and fossilized in layers of mud, sand and lime. Furthermore, such sediments would have been deposited instantaneously by water, within

Factors That Affect The Achievement Of The Operational Excellence Business Essay

Factors That Affect The Achievement Of The Operational Excellence Business Essay One of the most competitive industries in the world is the pharmaceutical industry. For a long time, the operation of the pharmaceutical companies has been subject to scrutiny, especially by the government of each country of operation. The underlying reasons for the strict attention include: the cost of medicines and drugs available for purchase, the reduced life cycle of product development, the technological advancements which impact operations and the nature of the health care systems. Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry, like other businesses, is affected by factors such as the issues of human resources development and sensitivity to culture and diversity. In fact, they all have influenced the birth of the new and improved meaning of operational excellence. The increasing demands for an improved productivity and manufacturing costs have been the growing concern of pharmaceutical companies today. The need to meet the fast changing needs of the market for a much higher standard and quality drugs has also resulted to increased expectations not only from the consumers but from all stakeholders (suppliers, investors, employees and the government). However, the quest for a much potent product is a very significant issue. The common goal is to reduce the attrition rate in bringing new medicines in the market as well as in creating a fair and efficient standard in choosing the best pharmaceutical company to award the patent. As more and more consumers are becoming concern of the drug s its short-term efficacy and its long-term side effects, marketing for the drug has also become more innovative and active. In this view, the operational processes and engineering for pharmaceutical product has come to a new level. Introduction The old adage Health is Wealth is generally true nothing can be more valuable than being healthy and alive. The objective of the government of every country around the world to provide its public with health care services has been notable but still incomplete and unsuccessful. Not only the poor and underdeveloped countries are the ones having problems with high medical costs and insurances but even the developed or economically strong countries. There are many factors that contribute to the inability of the government to properly provide for its people in terms of health care, for one, the health service is truly an expensive part of man s need to live and the costs of services are high because medical equipments are expensive not mentioning the maintenance cost of every hospital. Hence, the need to secure the health benefits of the people has become the motivating factor for the government to present in an agenda, its health objectives for the American Nation. Statement of the Problem The pharmaceutical business is one of the most important industries in the world. The benefits people gain from the results of research and development conducted by the pharmaceutical firms, which include discoveries of the cures for many diseases, and the lessening time required to treat the patient that lead to saving of lives, cannot be equated with money. Even the wealthiest person on earth gets sick and requires medicine. Sick people and their families are happy whenever they learn that there is a cure for their diseases and that their lives are lengthened by the healing power of medicine. However, with the high cost of production, stiff competition, and the ever-changing government legislations, pharmaceutical companies are facing major challenges. While the time to bring the pharmaceutical product in the market quickens, the risk involved in the cost recovery and industry survival increases for many pharmaceutical companies. In this view that the selected problem is titled: Ac hieving Operational Excellence in the Pharmaceutical Industry. The selected research problem evaluates the operational and engineering processes used by the pharmaceutical companies. Achieving operational excellence requires that pharmaceutical companies understand the factors which may affect their operations, such as the changing human resources relative to cultural diversity and manpower outsourcing, the impact of the environmental factors, which may include changing government legislations, market trends and future opportunities and threats and the future trends, operational systems, collaborative efforts (merging, tie-ups, etc.) that will all make a difference in the midst of heavy competition and highly selective customers. The selected statement of the problem hopes to reveal the possible solutions to the challenges and in the end provide a wider perspective based on the data presented, evaluated and analyzed. Purpose of the Study The goal of this research is to find out the relevant factors that affect the achievement of the operational excellence of the firms in the pharmaceutical industry. It also hopes to learn and understand what makes a successful pharmaceutical company and how operational excellence can be achieved. Significance of the Study The findings of this research will serve as useful information on understanding the pharmaceutical industry as a whole. Readers will also have a full view of the pharmaceutical industry from its begging up to the current time. Researchers of the same issue will have a concrete basis of analyzing and evaluating for the same. Pharmaceutical companies will have a wider perspective of the industry where they exist, providing them with more information useful in the creation of marketing strategies and operational upgrades. The government will also benefit from this research because, it will present a different interpretation of the key factors affecting the pharmaceutical industry. Research Questions This paper looks into the following issues: (1) How should the current pharmaceutical industry be described in terms of: a. Operational processes and engineering; b. Pharmaceutical technology; c. New product development, Research and development; and Product life cycle; d. Production systems (total quality management, total productive maintenance, etc.); and e. Factors that characterize operational excellence (best practices)? (2) How are performances evaluated? a. The Porter s diamond concept in a pharmaceutical setting (3) What are the challenges of achieving operational efficiency in view of: a. Sensitivity to culture and diversity with respect to a unified corporate thinking; b. Globalization; and c. Human resources development? (4) What are the expected future trends? Background Pharmaceutical firms are categorized according to the nature of their business operations: they are the research-based firms; manufacturing-based firms and a combination of research-based and manufacturing-based firms. Characterized by its two distinct functions: research and development (RD), and manufacturing, the pharmaceutical industry was reported as a $600 billion worth of sales in the year 2006 (economywatch). Specifically, there was a 7 per cent increase on the sales of prescription medicines worldwide or a total of $602 billion based on the report of some major pharmaceutical and medical information firms. These pharmaceutical firms are either, primarily engaged in Research and Development (RD) alone, studying diseases and advancing drugs and medicinal potency while other firms focus on the drug manufacturing process. Large, financially-able and world renowned pharmaceutical companies engaged in both activities. The US is considered as having the number one pharmaceutical market and an increasing trend in the pharmaceutical industry all over the world. According to statistics the highest recorded annual sales of pharmaceutical products and services in the US alone is $252 billion and increases at around 5.7 per cent annually (economywatch). According to a pharmaceutical industry report, the leading countries in the world in terms of potential market are India, China and the United States. The report specifically stated that: The report proved that there is an increasing demand and market for the pharmaceutical industry because of the increasing health awareness of the people all over the world. Literature Review Market intelligence data from IMS Health, a research company providing on pharmaceutical and healthcare industries proved that: in 2002, the estimated worldwide sales for prescription drugs was about $400 billion; and that the United States expenditure on prescription drugs in 2002, was roughly 200 billion dollars which accounted for approximately half of all sales worldwide. But despite this high costs, the United States ranked as the 21st rate on infant mortality in the world, way below Greece and South Korea and only a bit higher in Poland. Also, the United States ranked at the 17th rate in terms of life expectancy all over the world. The research agency also reported that in 2008, the US prescription drugs sales had amounted to a whopping $291 billion dollars every year (sourcewatch). In this view, the challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry around the world are enormous (Sherk). One of the main reasons is the pressure of bringing down the prices of medicines and drugs that are considered contributive to the escalating costs of the health care services (Sherk). The cost of health care in the United States is generally double compared to other developed countries in Europe such as Britain, France and Germany. (yahoonews) Furthermore, the United States has reportedly spent 7, 290 dollars per person in the year 2007 but provided no meaningful advantage in terms of quality of care, and placed far behind the averages in the key indicators such as the infant mortality and life expectancy rate compared to the previously mentioned countries. The proposed healthcare reform in the United States, includes the evaluation of the drug costs and the possibility of creating legislations that will regulate the operations of pharmaceutical companies. Research Design The research design that will be used to evaluate and answer the selected problem titled: Achieving Operational Excellence in the Pharmaceutical Industry is qualitative research. The decision to use the qualitative research design was based on the following factors: limited time available, and also, the use of secondary data. In order to answer the general and specific questions, the researcher uses the descriptive research as a type of qualitative method of research. The researcher gathers secondary data from previous researches, statistical reports, surveys, demographic information, and online resources. The data gathered are listed, sorted and analyzed in order to answer the problems undertaken. Findings The following are the findings that were gathered using secondary information, specifically from previous researches, statistical reports, and other sources. (1) How should the current pharmaceutical industry be described in terms of: (a) Operational Processes and Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry Drug Approval and Registration Process As implemented by the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, the strict compliance of the law should be observed in all stages of the operational process and engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, primarily, in the registration (FDA, 2010) The Food Drug Administration (FDA) s fundamental mission is protect the public health is the collection of this information, which is used for important activities such as post-market surveillance for serious adverse drug reactions, inspection of drug manufacturing and processing facilities, and monitoring of drug products imported into the United States. Comprehensive, accurate, and up-to-date information is critical to conducting these activities with efficiency and effectiveness. (FDA, 2010) (b) Process Analytical technologies (PAT) One of the new systems that are being used in the pharmaceutical industry is known as the Process Analytical technologies (PAT). The term Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) has been used to describe a system for designing and controlling manufacturing through timely measurements (i.e. during processing) of critical quality and performance attributes for raw and in-process materials and also processes with the goal of ensuring final product quality. The PAT initiative focuses on building quality into the product and manufacturing processes, as well as continuous process improvement. (pharmainfo.net) c) Industry Operating Procedures The pharmaceutical industry, just like other industries uses the US standard of Accounting GAAP (irs.gov). Pharmaceutical companies have to apply for the registration of their newly discovered drugs or medicines. Before a drug can be tested in people, the drug company or sponsor performs laboratory and animal tests to discover how the drug works and whether its likely to be safe and work well in humans. Next, a series of tests in people is begun to determine whether the drug is safe when used to treat a disease and whether it provides a real health benefit. The process must be based on the steps set by the Food and Drug administration of the country of operation. The development and Approval Process of Drugs in the United States is believed to be the safest and the most advanced pharmaceutical system in the world. Another unique operational process used by the pharmaceutical companies is in the area of marketing. Unlike, the traditional selling and buying area of many products, selli ng drugs is a very complicated issue. Before companies can sell drugs, they have to seek approval and license from the FDA. Marketing in the pharmaceutical industry is commonly through salesmen. (2) How are performances evaluated? Porter s Five Forces of Industry Analysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry The pharmaceutical industry has high barriers to entry, primarily because capital is huge in this business. The need to allocate heavily on research and development is highly important if one will enter this industry, not mentioning high threat from government policies, and longer or no return on investment. The supplier power has low impact because material supplies are solely for pharmaceutical companies alone, and shelf life of chemicals is longer than any ordinary supplies. Buyer power depends on the kind of medicine being produced, if the medicine has no other substitute, then buyer power is low, and vice versa. The threat of substitutes is also low in the pharmaceutical industry, because although generics have been gaining popularity and acceptance, still, many consumers believe branded medicines are more effective. In terms of competitive rivalry, the pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive. Mullins (2006) reported that the industry was overpopulated and not one company has more than 5 percent market share. In addition, market growth rate is also minimal. (3) What are the challenges of achieving operational efficiency in view of (a) Sensitivity to culture and diversity with respect to a unified corporate thinking; (b) Globalization and (c) Human resources development. The changing landscape of business due to the forces of the new and changing environment have become the major influences in the manner in which leading function in the organization is done today. Unlike the traditional leadership process, global leadership extends its functions to new horizons and length that increased values for businesses, hence an increased risks. Leaders are more flexible and multi-skilled today. Thus, new business horizons that offer new and improved opportunities are available for global leaders to take advantage of. With the right attitude and qualifications, success in the business is possible for global leaders. The secrets however, lie on the ability of the leader to understand these new concepts and challenges. Human Resource Management or HRM is an activity that is focused on recruiting, managing and developing the people in an organization. This function also deals with the issues regarding employee compensation, hiring, performance evaluation, safety, development, wellness, communication, training and development. The human resource management in the organization plays a big role in making strategic and coherent approach to managing the company s most important asset; its people. The HRM function is seen by most companies as a major contributing factor in aligning specific assignment to the employee s capabilities. In doing so, the company will be able to efficiently achieve its goals at a minimum required resources. Factors that affect staffing and staffing turnover are considered to be a big problem faced by human resource managers. Pinkerton (2001) made an effort to know the reasons that influence the staffing needs of hospitals. The answers vary depending on the hospital, the top thr ee include, teamwork or no teamwork/unit cohesiveness, chaos factors impacting the delivery of nursing care and effectiveness of communication. The factors affect staffing which can be categorized under external and internal. The external factors include the level of education, the prevailing attitudes in society (the kind of attitude toward work), the many laws and regulations that directly affect staffing, the economic conditions, and the supply of and demand for the manpower outside the enterprise. Organizational goals, tasks, technology, organization structure, the kinds of people employed by the enterprise, the demand for and the supply of managers within the enterprise, the reward system, and various kinds of policies are the internal factors which may affect staffing. For example, the use of high technology in most industries requires extensive and intensive education and training. The organization s ability to effect change is largely affected by the organizational culture because it serves as the basic nature and characteristics of the whole organization. Where organizational culture is deep seated and forms underlying subcultures, it is more difficult to change and therefore sets a more challenging role for leaders who want to implement change in the organization. The tendency to resist change is higher when organizational culture is more cohesive and more symbolical. Since the organization comprises of people that have different behaviors, talents, skills, knowledge, values, personality and many other differences, working together they come on terms to manage each other s differences. Culture is the behavior which formed when the people in the organization meet and agreed verbally and nonverbally and creates rule for doing the task. (Heathfield) Diversity The diversity in the organization was previously seen as a negative factor, but in today s environment where change is inevitable, it adds up to the company s flexibility in order to survive the competition in the market. In an organization where diversity is high, the leader must understand and know how to deal with it and use them effectively as a competitive advantage. Nowadays, many organizations employ diverse group of employees because they want to create a unique culture which adds up to the value of the organizational workforce. Common diversities in the organization include racial mixes, foreign workforces, women on the job, and disabled workers. (4) What are the expected future trends? Major transformations are occurring in the delivery of healthcare worldwide. Medical and healthcare technologies are increasingly impacting the clinical as well as the administrative dimensions of healthcare care delivery. Innovations introduced in the last decade have created accumulated effects that will be compounded with the continuing technical progress in medicine. Areas such as telemedicine, telehealth, computerized medical records, e-health and use of the Internet in B2B and B2C applications in healthcare are some of the milestones in the almost total revamping of the healthcare landscape. Medical and healthcare technologies are already transforming the operations, design and mission of hospitals. In this regard, the challenges for the future are an exciting opportunity for study, reflection, planning, and intervention. Technology assessment (TA) arose in the mid-1960s from an appreciation of the critical role of technology in modern society and its potential for unintended, and sometimes harmful, consequences. Congress commissioned independent studies by the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and the Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress that significantly influenced the development and application of TA. These studies and further congressional hearings led the National Science Foundation to establish a TA program and, in 1972, Congress to authorize the congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), which was founded in 1973, became operational in 1974, and established its health program in 1975. Another factor that is considered as a threat not only to pharmaceutical industry but all industries is the globalization. Globalization has been creating impacts to various industries and individuals. The possibilities associated with it are countless. Hence, it also poses higher threats to many. Globalization has influenced major transformations on the organizational structures, and the processes of firms whether locally or internationally operated. Globalization also redefined the functions and roles of the intermediaries. Distribution of products has become entirely dependent on the intermediaries. Companies are trying to lessen interaction costs and because of this, have outsourced services from other countries to take advantage of the economies of scale. Industrial sectors have to undergo extensive structural changes which become more visible in the sectors that are based highly on the advanced technologies. Examples include the car industry, pharmaceutical industry and the tel ecommunications, among others. Conclusions and Recommendations Based on this research study, there are several lessons which could be learned from the evaluation of and analysis performed in the pharmaceutical industry. Primarily, the safety and security of our lives depend on the ability of the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and, CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the AMA (American Medical Association) and APA (American Pharmacists Association), to screen and select the safest medicine, drugs and vaccines. The criteria set should always and consistently be tested, proven, and communicated to all industry players. Second, the operations of the pharmaceutical companies are generally affected by the changes in the industry. The relative amount of information available in understanding or describing a situation can significantly help in making valuable decision regarding the business operation. Third, the threat on the human resources because of globalization is considered a very critical issue even in the pharmaceutical industry. In the situation where there is limited available resources, need is high for an effective HR planning. Maximizing employee performances through devising appropriate training is also vital to the needs of the company. The approach will also help in maximizing the return on investment of the any organization s human capital and minimizing the financial risk is the main objective of human resources. Finally, it should therefore be concluded that the operational excellence in the pharmaceutical industry will only be achieved when companies learn to adapt the changes and developments brought about by the globalization.

Austrian School Cost Essay

Our behaviors and decisions in our daily lives are affected by economics. When making decisions, we will use economic theories either consciously or subconscious to decide if we will make or reject that decision. The same can also be used to explain our actions and behaviors when making an economic decision to purchase a house. This paper will evaluate how economics affect one’s decision to purchase a new house. First, the decision to purchase a new house is considered a large and important decision by many. This is because the prices of houses are usually very high, and thus purchasing a new house will greatly deplete the savings of an individual. The demand of houses is highly price elastic. Economic theories state that the larger the proportion of income a certain purchase requires, the more price elastic the demand will be. In the case of the purchase of a new house, it will require the spending of a large proportion of an average person’s income, hence this will greatly lower the purchasing power of the individual when the decision is made to purchase the house. Furthermore, buying a new house will require people to shift from a familiar environment to a less familiar environment and this can be a life-changing experience which may be scary to some. Hence, these are all factors which make the purchase of a new house a very difficult decision to make. There are various principles of economics that can be applied to a decision to purchase a new house. First, one of the principles will be that of trade-offs which people have to face. Every decision comes at a cost. In this case, the decision to purchase a new house will deplete people of a large proportion of their savings. The tradeoffs which they face will be alternatives which they get to enjoy with the same amount of money. For example, the same amount of money spent on a new house can be used on sending a child to university, going on a long holiday or purchasing a new vehicle. I have to remember even though the APR’s may be low and I have my down payment or even if I am using HUD as a first time buyer to eliminate closing cost or no fees at all there may still be one depending on my situation. Purchasing a new home is a big step not only the financial part of if but also the area I chose and the economy at this point and time. I must think ahead to how the economy will be now and later, as well as the housing area I chose. Will the neighborhood be a good choice for my kids, and will my house be a smart investment in terms of efficiency and equity? I need to determine if a recession will place my decision in purchasing a home the wrong time to buy. A recession could cause job lose and no income to pay my mortgage or even placing me in default to take out a loan on my home. Taking a loan on my home to make ends meet would cause me to pay double for my home and never actually own it. Tradeoffs are important when purchasing a new home because you have to be willing to give up miscellaneous items to get where u want to be, extra expenses are not a good idea when purchasing a new home.

Comparison and Contrast between the Chicago Bears and Green Bay Packers Essay

The rivalry between the Chicago Bears and Green Bay Packers of the National Football League is a tale of two iconic franchises engaged in a figurative war. No guns or bullets, just pigskin and gridiron. The tussle between these two major leagues has been long going and is one of the longest in the National Football League. While the Bears seem better advantaged with their 92 wins, 88 losses and 6 ties against the Green Bay Packers, Packers have won in all their last six encounters with the Bears since 2011. What reinforces the rivalry even further are the more Superbowls, NFL titles and the Conference titles the Packers have clinched in comparison with the Bears. The rivalry may seem long lasting and is expected to last even longer, but these two rivals share similarities. Both the Chicago Bears and the Green Bay Packers were each established in 1919. The Bears franchise was founded in Illinois in 1919 before moving to Chicago in 1921. On the other hand, the Green Bay Packers is currently based in Wisconsin and was founded in 1919. Together with the Bears, the Packers are among the oldest franchises in the NFL. Considering their location, both franchises are members of the same division of the NFC (National Football Conference) in the National Football League (diffen.com). When it comes to differences both the rivals have a number of differences than similarities. One difference is in ownership. The Bears is privately owned with Virginia McCaskey and her family controlling 80% of the franchise, Patrick Ryan, the chairman of Aon Corp, and Andrew McKenna, Aon director, 19.7% of the franchise. On the other hand, the Packers is a non-profit, community owned team, the only professional sports team with such ownership in the United States. Yet another difference between the two rivalries is with their team colors. Pride of any team is with their team colors. The team colors of the Bears are Navy blue, burnt orange, and white while the Packers are noticed with their Dark green and yellow. It is a law that no two teams in the NFL should have the same team colors for ease of identification and to foster sense of belonging among the team fans. For these two rivals, their team colors are a black and white affair, a sky-earth phenomenon considering that the team colors of the Bears is bright compared with that of the Packers that is rather dull. With such colors, one would understand the rivalry (diffen.com). A final difference between the two rivalries is with regard to their fan base. The Bears are reputed a having the most devoted fan base as compared with the Packers. Research places Bears at the sixth place regarding their Fan Equity rankings, which is basically a measure of brand equity centered on fans enthusiasm to financially support the team. The Packers on the other hand have an equally good Fan Equity rankings, but not as much as Bears, this according to research. While the Packers are highly placed in analysis on the NFL Social Media Equity, the Bears do not appear anyway in the top five. In conclusion, apart from their similarity in terms of their respective founding dates and their placement in the same division, both teams also share the similarity of having a penchant for competition. From their respective successes, it is evident that both rivals are highly competitive in setting records. They would stop at nothing in their bid to outperform each other. This fact makes for a better rivalry that is expected to last and make their meets eagerly anticipated and talked about. References Diffen. Chicago Bears vs. Green Bay Packers. Accessed on 25 November 2014. Retrieved from http://www.diffen.com/difference/Chicago_Bears_vs_Green_Bay_Packers Source document

The Effects Of Sports On The Practice Of Sports - 1269 Words

Pain in Runners During the last decades and at the global level, there was an increase in the practice of sport. Within these practices, yoga, spinning, Pilates, Zumba, and running are popular. Running is the one that highlights in recent years as a economic practicing, to be able to be carried out at the recreational and/or professional, and the time for being the one that appropriate fits in the schedule. Considering that each day we have less free time to live under a tight schedule of school activities or work that limits our time in the area recreative, the running, emerged as the alternative recreational or sports provide great benefits such as are to prevent cardiovascular problems, lose weight, strengthen the muscles, and relieve the stress among others. Running is one of the inherent activities of human beings. There is no need of techniques or deep knowledge to begin to run. However, the run as a sporting activity requires some preparation for muscular avoid injury. Throughout the practice of sports may occur two types of lesions: acute or accidental lesion as falls, typical injuries of the sporting activity produced by overload, muscular problems, or inflammation of the tendon. Etiology One of lesions more communes in running is the syndrome of the iliotibial band which is tendinitis or inflammation of the tract iliotibial. The iliotibial band is formed by the tendon of the Tensor of the Fascia Lata and Gluteus Greater muscle, having its origin in the SpinaShow MoreRelatedPositive Effects of Sports on At Risk Youth Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesPositive Effects of Sports on At Risk Youth Sports provide many opportunities for our youth today. In fact the British used sports in educational institutions to develop socialization, social control, and character on their youth (Sage 1986). Sports also provides an obvious form of entertainment in many societies as well. Many role models, heroes, and idols can originate from sports. It also provides a mean of recreation for youth to participate in and spend some free time on something constructiveRead MoreSport and the Media Essay examples1052 Words   |  5 PagesSport and the Media The growth of television as a significant cultural form during the 1960s put the relationship between sport and the media on the public agenda. In late 1969, the US magazine Sports Illustrated drew attention to the ways in which television was transforming sport. In effect, sport in the television age was a whole new game. The growing economic and cultural significance of television for sport gradually became a pertinent issue in countries aroundRead MoreEssay about Mental Rehearsal Key to Improving Athlete Performance1706 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant.† (Mallett). Many people believe that although the sport is played with the body, it is won by the mind. Not surprisingly sport performers increasingly turn to psychology in an effort to gain a winning edge over their rivals. In this sense, mental imagery, or the ability to represent the minds information that is not currently being perceived, is widely used by athletes to enhance their performance in competition. (Moran). Many sports such as golf, tennis, and swimming, not only require physicalRead MoreAssessing the Goal of Sports Products, Inc.1124 Words   |  5 Pageshead: TEXT CASE STUDY 1 TEXT CASE STUDY ï ¿ ½ PAGE * Arabic * MERGEFORMAT ï ¿ ½2ï ¿ ½ Assessing the Goal of Sports Products, Inc. FIN/419: Finance for Decision Makers ï ¿ ½ Assessing the Goal of Sports Products, Inc. Many people believe that the primary objective of a firm is to maximize profits. Sports Products, Inc. is a firm who has followed this practice during its 20 year history. The management of Sports Products, Inc. has concentrated on maximizing profits while ignoring other critical factors. ManagementsRead MorePros And Cons Of Tackle Football1161 Words   |  5 PagesYouth tackle football is a popular sport for children today but this sport can have pros and cons. One of the most controversial sport that a child can play is tackle football. Tackle football is a full contact sport. In any full contact sport, there are risks like concussions, injuries and the lasting effects of those injures. There are also pros in playing this sport like teamwork, sportsmanship, character, and exercise. Youth football can also have psychological pros and cons that can affectRead MoreAthlete Development Programs: Deliberate Practice and Deliberate Play1170 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes champions in s port? At the end of the day, it is the moment when one stands at the top of the podium, holding up their well-deserved medals and trophies that all elite athletes strive for. Thus, experts have studied this question extensively to see which programs, or by what means, are elite athletes developed to achieve this goal. One of the many aspects to athlete development is the controversial topic of deliberate practice versus deliberate play. Deliberate practice can be defined as â€Å"anyRead MoreEffects Of Sports Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pages If you chose to play sports, is it really worth it? Playing sports, in my opinion, is worth it. A teenager plays to have fun, even try to get a scholarship to go to college for the sport they love, also playing teaches qualities you’ll need for the rest of your life, playing sports can improve your way of life by making a positive impact on your health such as weight, cardiorespiratory health, muscle and bones, and reduced risk of cancer. If you’re involved in a sport, does it have a positive orRead MoreChildren and Sports Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesparticipate in sports are developing rapidly in sports skills, sportsmanship, and psychologically, but does this come from organized sports are just nature’s process. Children develop emotional and social benefits from participating in sports. Children experience character and leadership development through peer relations leading to an increase in self-esteem and a decrease in anxiety levels. Children will get o pportunities to experience positive and negative emotions throughout their practice and gamesRead MoreEffects Of Sports Tourism1249 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Sports tourism depicts the act of traveling from one place to another such as a state or country. The purpose is to watch a sports game competition. The practice has not always been entirely widespread, but in the contemporary world, the number of people attending events that are happening outdoors has considerably augmented. The rate of travel has increased, and people engage in the act to participate in their favored events. The trend has thus increased the rate of traveling activitiesRead MoreSociology of Sport1601 Words   |  7 Pagesof Sociology of Sport is offered in the school. Many who do recognize that the class is being offered in the school may also question the value and academic merit of such a course. What people don’t see is that the world of sports is closely linked to the social world. Social attitudes are reflected in the world of sports. These attitudes can be seen in different ways such as the social atmosphere affecting sports, the ways in which we defin e sports, exempting the world of sports from the world of